饮酒庆功礼与班位、命数——周代的品位形态及功绩制

Drinking Ceremony of Merit-awarding, Bureaucratic Order and Aristocratic Order: The Form of Aristocracy Ranks and the System of Military Merits in the Zhou Dynasty

周代的爵之所以称"爵",被认为同酒爵相关,"爵"源于乡饮酒礼上的席次。通过这一思路,可以考察饮酒庆功礼(如饮至等),这样的礼仪把"爵"与"功"紧密联系起来了。与饮至相关的"策勋""大赏"及"书勋""书服""书名"等制度,展示了周代功绩制的发展状况。由于班位、命数与爵位具有内在一致性,所以因功勤而来的加命、进位,意义相当于晋爵。

The aristocracy ranks （juewei, 爵位） in the Zhou Dynasty were associated with the seating order （xici, 席次） and wine vessels （jiujue, 酒爵） used at a drinking ceremony. The Zhou aristocracy ranks were also linked with drinking ceremonies of merit-awarding like Yinzhi （饮至 a drinking ceremony of victory）. Such systems as Cexun （ 策勋,recording one＇ s military merits on bamboo or wooden slips ）, Dashang （ 大赏, bestowing great rewards） , shuxun （ 书勋, conferring orders ） , shufu （ 书服, conferring costumes） , and shuming （ 书名, conferring aristocratic titles） , which were all related to Yinzhi, giving a general picture of the development of the military merit system in the Zhou Dynasty. As there was an inner consistency among aristocratic orders （班位） , bureaucratic orders （命数） and aristocracy ranks, a promotion caused by military merits actually meant a promotion of aristocracy ranks.