重视儿童神经系统疾病相关视力障碍

Emphasis on children with visual impairment related to neurological diseases

当儿童出现与眼部症状相关的神经系统疾病时,临床医生需要知道其与成人相比有不同之处,如儿童往往以先天性疾病和肿瘤性疾病较其他病种多见;早期、快速地发现和诊断,尽早恢复和建立患儿视功能更容易,也更重要。文章主要论述儿童与损伤眼传入系统相关的疾病,如儿童视神经炎及视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍,遗传性视神经病(Leber病、Kjer视神经病、Wolfram综合征),视神经发育不全等。由于儿童的眼和神经系统均处于生长发育中,同时儿童又无法准确描述自己的症状,因此往往延误诊断,甚至视力丧失。因此在临床工作中,医生只有早期发现、早期诊断和治疗儿童视力障碍相关的神经系统疾病,才能最大限度避免儿童出现视力减低或永久性盲。

When children develop neurological conditions associated with ocular symptoms, we need to know that they are different from those of adults. Children are often likely to have congenital and neoplastic diseases more than other types of diseases. It is easier and more important to recover and establish visual function in children as soon as possible if found and diagnosed early and quickly. This article is mainly about the diseases related to the damaged eye incoming system in children, such as optic neuritis and optic neuromyelitis spectrum disorders, hereditary optic neuropathy （Leber disease, Kjer optic neuropathy, Wolfram syndrome）, 0NH, and so on. Because optic and nervous systems are still developing in children, and children can not accurately describe their symptoms, often there is a delay in diagnosis and the loss of vision. Therefore, in clinical practice early detection and early diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders related to visual impairment in children are needed in order to minimize visual acuity or permanent blindness in children.