科研院所改革政策主体演化研究

Research on the policy subject in China’s reform of scientific research institutes

政策文献是政策主体行动目标的表达形式,以1984-2015年期间中央政府机构颁布的293件科研院所改革政策文献为样本,根据文本数量峰值分布并结合国家五年计划实施,将改革历程划分为四个阶段。描述政策主体结构,发文数量统计显示科技部、财政部、国家税务总局之间合作密切,形成推动该项改革的轴心。测量政策主体发文合作网络,根据网络结构阶段变化明晰改革的推动受经济逻辑主导,在行政体制架构内自上而下推动。1984-2002年期间改革旨在实现组织再造以转变科研院所组织属性,但受制于行政体制改革相对滞后,该项改革停滞。运用诺斯制度变迁理论分析,发现科研院所与行政管理体制条块的共生关系已经被打破,但与行政管理体制间的共生关系尚存。科研院所、政府以及市场三者间的关系被调整重构以期以科研院所替代政府部分科技资源配置作用,随之引起市场机会集合变化。藉此提出深化科研院所改革需强化经济逻辑与行政体制改革的适配性。

The policy document reflects policy target and logic. The central government documents which are focused on reform of scientific research institution from 1984 to 2015 are used as the sample data and the reform process is divided into four stages. By using the institution change theory of D. C. North,the reform logic and difference among several stages are analyzed on the base of policy subject,cooperation network and policy theme. The Study shows that the reform is dominated by economic rationality,coordinated by the state council,pushed by the administrative system which is fragmented and there exists obstacle in different public sectors＇ cooperation.During the period of 1984-2002,the policy documents were designed to achieve the organizational reconstruction of scientific research institutes. After that,the property right system which is much accounted of is intended to be improved. However,the reform gets into stagnant because of the backward administrative system. Moreover,it＇s no doubt that the reform of scientific research institution should be consistent with the marketization of economic system and related policy suggestions are put forward.