假性局部同素反义名词研究

A Study on False Local Morpheme Antonym of Nouns

由"单音节反义语素"和"同形语素"组合构成的不具有语义对应关系的成对名词(如"前生:后生""日前:日后")——我们称其为"假性局部同素反义名词"。《现代汉语词典》(第6版)中有假性局部同素反义名词212对,约占所收名词的1.49%,数量虽然不多,但类型复杂。其词义不对应主要表现在语素义不相应所形成的词义不对应和语素义相应所形成的词义不对应两个方面。假性局部同素反义名词的产生主要缘于世界多角度分类的实际需求和"局部同素反义名词"构词模式所具有的丰富结构、语法、语义空间(容量)。对这类词进行研究,可以帮助人们全面认识汉语构词法,进一步了解人类语言的共性以及汉语的特性,也有助于汉语教学。

The paper aims at studying pairs of nouns formed in ＂Monosyllabic Antonym Morpheme＂ and ＂Isomorphic morpheme＂（say ＂qiansheng：housheng＂, ＂riqian：rihou＂） with no correspondent morpheme meaning, which are called false local morpheme antonym of nouns. There are 212 pairs of false local morpheme antonym of nouns in Modern Chinese Dictionary（6 th Edition）, which account for 1.49% of all words involved. The number is small but kinds are complex. Correspondent and non-correspondent morpheme meanings will result in the non-correspondence of word meaning. The occurrence of false local morpheme antonym of nouns is mainly related to such factors as the factual demand of the world multi-angle classification and its own word-formation mode which is rich in structure, grammar and semantic space. A study on such nouns will make contribution to recognizing comprehensively Chinese words formation, grasping common features of human language and teaching Chinese.