《周易·中孚》“吾与尔靡之”考论

On the Issues of ‘吾與爾靡之’ in Zhongfu, Zhouyi(周易·中孚)

对于今本《周易·中孚》"吾与尔靡之"之"靡"字,历来存在不同解释。本文主要利用出土文献中的异文材料对相关争议做了梳理,认为将"靡"释为"共享"值得怀疑,该字当读作"縻",意为"牵连"。文章还依据上古音研究中的"圆唇元音"假说,对帛书本《中復(孚)》"吾与尔羸之"做了考察,认为以"羸"韵"和"符合该假说的预测。从《周易》的相关用例看,"羸"具有"缠绕""牵连"义,在文意上也与今本相合。从语音层面推测,帛书本"羸"字是更早的写法,今本"靡"字在一定程度上反映了上古唇化元音的演化,传抄时代较晚。

There has been long existing arguments on the interpretation of the character ‘mí（靡）’ in Zhongfu, Zhouyi（周易·中孚）. This paper addresses those issues from perspectives of both semantics as well as phonology by utilizing the unearthed materials. We rejected Wang bi（王弼）’s idea of interpreting ‘mí（靡）’ as ‘sharing’, and proposed that it should be glossed as ‘connect’. According to the ‘rounded vowel hypothesis’ proposed by Jaxontov, the character ‘mí（靡）’ in the modern version of Zhongfu（中孚） was affected by the process of diphthongization of rounded-vowel. Whereas, the character ‘léi（羸）’ in the Boshu（帛書本） fits well with the prediction of Jaxontov’s theory, thus comes from an older version.