改革开放四十年的城乡关系:历史脉络、阶段特征和未来展望

Urban-Rural Relationship since the Reform and Opening up:Historical Context, Phase Characteristics and Future Prospects

改革开放以来，中国城乡关系发展可分为四大阶段：城乡关系趋好阶段（1978-1984年）、城乡再度分离阶段（1984-2003年）、城乡统筹发展阶段（2003-2012年）和城乡全面融合发展阶段（2012年至今）。在市场化改革下，市场和政府的力量共同作用，制度破冰和创新改革同步推进，城乡居民共同努力，中国城乡关系呈现出独特的发展轨迹，经历了深刻变迁并得到了极大改善。本文提出了“改革参与缺失理论”以解释20世纪80年代中期至21世纪初的城乡分离和城乡差距扩大，并将城乡发展理论总结为“城乡发展目标理论一城乡发展路径理论一城乡发展对策理论”组成的理论体系。当前中国城乡发展的难点是户籍人口城镇化水平偏低和县域经济不发达，未来，必须要贯彻“以人民为中心”的城乡发展思想，坚持“五位一体”总体布局以破解五重城乡二元结构，深入推进实施乡村振兴战略，坚持发展城乡和促进城市发展并重的方针，着力振兴县域经济。

Since the reform and opening, the development of urban-rural relations in China can be divided into four stages： urban-rural relations have been improving （1978--1984）, urban-rural re-separation （1984--2003）, urban-rural integration development （2003--2012） and urban-rural comprehensive development （2012 so far）. Under the reform of market orientation, the market forces and government forces work together, the system innovation and reform advance simultaneously, and the urban and rural residents work together. The urban- rural relationship in China has undergone a unique development path, undergoing profound changes and has been greatly improved. We put forward the theory of ＂deprivation of participation in the reform＂ to explain the separation of urban and rural areas and the widening of the urban-rural gap from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s, and summed up the urban-rural development theory formed by the Party Central Committee since the 18th CPC National Congress as ＂urban and rural development goal theory- urban and rural development path theory- urban and rural development strategy＂ consisting of theoretical system. At present, the difficulties in the development of urban and rural areas in China are the low level of urbanization of the household registration population and the underdeveloped economy in the county. In the future, we must carry out the urban-rural development idea of ＂taking the people as the center＂, break the dual structure of urban and rural areas in five aspects, promote the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country, persist in the principle of equal emphasis on urban and rural development and urban development, and revitalize the county economy.