医疗机构与产品责任——《侵权责任法》第59条的理解与适用

Medical Institution and Product Liability: Interpretation of Article 59,Tort Law of the People's Republic of China

《侵权责任法》第59条,也就是医疗产品责任的请求权基础,仅适用于"产品—服务结合体"致患者损害的情形,医疗机构系以服务提供人身份承担严格责任;至于医疗机构充任生产者或销售者的场合,则适用第43条。第59条乃是第五章产品责任外的独立规整,令医疗机构承担严格责任的理由,是出于法政策的考虑,而不是法解释学的成果。医疗机构于第59条构造中的地位,颇类第43条中的销售者,故第59条的未尽事宜得类推适用第五章有关销售者的规范。

Article 59 of Tort Law,i.e. the legal basis of medical product liability,should be limited to the situation where personal injuries are caused by the combination of medical products and medical services. As regard to situations where medical institutions serve as producers or distributors who sell or otherwise distribute medical products,article 43 will applies. Article59 constitutes an autonomous regulation independent of chapter Ⅴof Tort Law. Because medical institutions' status in article59 are analogous to that of sellers in article 43,so the loopholes in article 59 should be filled by analogy to related norms in chapter Ⅴ about sellers.