论土耳其军队的经济行为及其影响

On the Economic Activities of the Turkish Army and Their Impacts

土耳其军队既是国家最重要的武装力量,又兼具政治和经济行为体特征。考察土耳其军队的经济行为,有助于人们深度理解军队在土耳其国家事务中的独特地位。土耳其军队的经济行为由来已久,它通过军人互助基金会广泛涉猎国家经济领域,并融入国家主导性的发展战略,由此形成了军队的经济特权。土耳其军队经商活动具有经营规模庞大、涉足领域广泛、自主性程度较高以及经营较正规等特点。它对该国军政关系、经济发展和社会权力结构等方面的影响表现在:一方面,强化了军方的经济权力和政治权力,提升了军官的社会地位;另一方面,在一定程度上削弱了军队的专业性和职业化建设。正义与发展党执政以来,土耳其文官政府对军队的控制力虽显著增强,但目前对军队的经济行为控制依旧有限。从发展趋势看,随着埃尔多安集权趋势的增强,政府或将加强对军队经济的掌控。

The Turkish army is not only the most important armed forces in the country,but also a political and economic actor. Through studying the economic activities of the Turkish army,we can thoroughly understand the unique position and role of the army in Turkish national affairs. The military has involved in the business since 1961 through the Turkish Armed Forces Assistance（ and Pension） Fund（ OYAK）. The tremendous economic growth of OYAK is due to the economic privileges of military and its capital accumulation strategy. Furthermore, Turkish military business has a high degree of autonomy and is relatively formal. Meanwhile,Turkish military business profoundly impacts the civil-military relations,economic development and social structure in Turkey. On the one hand, it strengthens the military＇s economic power and political power,and improves the military＇s social status; on the other hand,it decreases the military＇s professionalism in a certain extent. Since the AKP came into power,it has strengthened its ability to control the military,but the economic role of the military is still strong. However,Erdoan has centralized political power to an unprecedented degree,and the government is likely to strengthen control of the military economy.