国际工程联盟(IEA)工程人才质量标准比较及其经验启示

The Comparison of Quality Standards for Engineering Talents of IEA

本文首先从职业活动特点、公众责任和学制三个方面将工程人才分为工程师、工程技术专家和工程技术员三类,并界定了工程人才的三个成长阶段。其次,从工程人才类型、人才发展路径、国际协议类型以及所涉及质量标准等方面,对国际工程联盟(IEA)的六大国际互认协议进行了概念特征阐述。再次,针对"六大国际互认协议"的知识体系、毕业生特征和职业能力标准等内容进行了翔实对比分析,总结了三类工程人才国际质量标准的共同点和核心差异。最后,结合我国工程人才分类培养的现状和存在问题,提出了相应的对策性建议:应根据多元化工程人才需求,分类分层次制定人才培养质量标准;正确把握工程科学家与其他类型工程师的培养比重,将普通本科工程教育向专业型研究生教育引流;完善高职高专到本科工程教育的有机衔接,拓宽工程技术专家以及应用型工程师的培养通道;构建中国特色的分类分层次工程专业认证标准,积极加入多类型工程人才的国际互认协议。

Initially,this paper divides engineering talents as engineers,engineering technologists and engineering technicians from three aspects,including professional characteristics,public responsibility and educational system,and defines three development stages of engineering talents.Furthermore,this paper states the characteristics of six International Mutual Recognition Agreements（IMRAs）of IEA,from aspects of types of engineering talents,development path of talents,types of international agreements and relative quality standards.Moreover,this paper makes comparison among knowledge system aiming at six IMRAs,graduates characteristics and standard of professional ability,and summarizes the common grounds and core differences of international standard of talents quality for three types of engineering talents.Finally,according to current situation and problems of China＇s classified cultivation of engineering talents,this paper raises corresponding suggestions：first,according to the pluralistic requirements of engineering talents,classified and hierarchical quality standards for talents cultivation should be made;second,the proportion of engineering technologists and other types of engineers should be handled properly so as to lead general undergraduate engineering education to professional postgraduate education;third,the organic link between higher vocational education and undergraduate engineering education should be optimized and the cultivation path for engineering technologists and applied engineers be broadened;fourth,classified and hierarchical standards for engineering with Chinese characteristics should be established and various IMRAs of engineering talents should be participated in.