大数据确权的法律经济学分析

Legal Economic Analysis of Big Data Ownership

大数据确权即明确大数据的初始产权界定,包括明确大数据的权利性质、权利内容和权利归属。目前学界将"大数据"、"数据"与"个人信息"混为一谈,将注意力集中到人身权、隐私权研究,既忽视了财产性才是大数据的根本属性,又忽视了大数据在挖掘、云存储、云计算和应用等方面与一般数据的诸多客观区别。由于大数据是信息时代的新产物,所以在法律性质、权利内容、权利归属方面存在着诸多制度空白,进而导致了公地悲剧、市场垄断和逆向选择等负外部性的出现并阻碍社会福利最大化的实现。可以通过法律经济学对大数据确权进行比较制度分析,以解决大数据初始产权的界定问题。

Big Data Ownership is the right to define the initial property of Big Data,including making clear the nature,content and ascription of right.At present,the academic circles confuse ＂Big Data＂with ＂data＂and ＂personal information＂,focusing on discussing personal rights and privacy.This ignores not only the property as the fundamental attributes of Big Data,but also ignores the Big Data in mining,cloud storage,cloud computing and applications,and many other objective differences between the general data.As Big Data is a new product of the information age,there are many institutional gaps in the legal nature,rights content and ownership,which leads to the emergence of negative externalities such as tragedy of the commons,market monopoly and adverse selection,and hinders the realization of the maximization of social welfare.Through a legal economic and comparative institutional analysis of Big Data ownership,issues of initial property of Big Data can be solved.