马克思的后形而上学历史概念——从阿尔都塞的诠释视角看

Marx's Concept of History from the Post-metaphysical Perspective——Althusser's Interpretation

马克思哲学中具有巨大的历史性。不理解历史概念就无法理解马克思,但历史却往往作为自明性概念处于被遮蔽状态之中,以至于人们竟然把马克思的历史唯物主义误读为历史主义。这种历史主义把历史当作最终根据和最后原因来解释世界、社会、人,历史成了新的"实体",丧失了自身的历史性,产生了"历史实体化"理论困境和学科难题。阿尔都塞以现实对象和认识对象的区分为理论平台,通过历史和逻辑的界分,消解同时性和历时性概念,在生产方式社会总体性视野中论证了历史的复杂性异质结构。在后形而上学视域中廓清马克思历史概念的特征和理论原则,对于理解马克思哲学不同于传统哲学的革命性变革,理解马克思哲学的当代生命力具有重大价值。

Marx＇s philosophy has great historic characteristic.Without understanding the concept of history,we can＇t understand Marx.However,history is often obscured as a self-evident concept.People often misread Marx＇s historical materialism as historicism.According to such historicism,history is the ultimate basis and final reason to explain the world,society and people.History becomes a new ＂entity＂,and loses its historic characteristic,which leads to the theory and discipline problems.Althusser distinguishes the difference between real object and the understanding object,dispels the concept of simultaneity and diachronic through the distinction history and logic,and finally he demonstrates history＇s complexity and heterogeneous structure in the vision of production mode.Clarifying characteristics and theoretical principles of Marx＇s history concept from the Post-metaphysical Perspective has great value in understanding the revolution of Marx＇s philosophy which is different from the traditional philosophy and understanding the contemporary vitality of Marx＇s philosophy.