社会责任与女性道德完善——乔治·爱略特后期创作中的伦理思考

Social Responsibility and Moral Perfection of Women——Ethical Reflection in George Eliot's Later Novels

作为维多利亚时期公认的道德大师,乔治·爱略特创作中始终贯穿着对伦理道德问题的关注。但在爱略特创作的前后两个时期,不仅创作内容具有截然不同的特点,其伦理意蕴也具有不同的侧重点。在各种思潮涌现、科学技术发展的影响下,在文学伦理学批评视域下,爱略特创作的侧重点从创作前期对具体道德活动现象的关注转变为对抽象道德意识现象的思考。其中在斯宾诺莎《伦理学》影响下的社会责任论和孔德实证主义关照下女性道德的自我完善是爱略特后期创作中伦理思考的重中之重。

As a universally acknowledged moral master in Victorian Period,George Eliot＇s novels focus on ethical problems all the time.But in early and later periods of her creation,both the content and the ethical theme of her novels are different.With the influence of different ideological trends and the development of science and technology,the ethical emphasis of her novels shifted from discussion of concrete moral activity in early creation to reflection on abstract moral consciousness in later creation from the perspective of Ethical Criticism.Social responsibility under the influence of Baruch de Spinoza＇s Ethica Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata and moral perfection of women from the perspective of Auguste Comte＇positivism in Eliot＇s later creation are emphasized in her ethical consideration.