对马克思主义哲学的三个追问——兼论西方马克思主义、马克思主义哲学与现代西方哲学之关系

Three Questions About Marxist Philosophy: with Special Reference to the Relationship Between Western Marxism,Marxist Philosophy,and Modern Western Philosophy

围绕马克思主义是否为哲学这一核心问题所衍生出马克思主义哲学属于西方近代哲学还是西方现代哲学范畴以及马克思主义哲学在超越西方近代哲学时能否进一步超越西方现代哲学的两个问题的追问,不同的派别发出不同的声音,使得对理解马克思主义哲学的正确回答和三种错误解读之间划清了界限。西方马克思主义以其自身对本体论的新式解读和所特有的现代性理论而区别于第二国际、第三国际的传统理论家以及后现代主义,生发了对马克思主义哲学最为恰当的认知,挖掘出马克思主义所蕴含的总体性原则,并运用其方法指出马克思主义作为一个整体就是哲学革命本身,不仅对主客二分的形而上学的西方近代哲学进行了超越,还是西方马克思主义的现代性理解意义上的对现代西方哲学的超越。

Derived from the core question whether Marxism is philosophy or not,there are two inquiries. One is whether Marxism philosophy belongs to early modern philosophy or late modern philosophy. The other is whether Marxist philosophy can transcend the late modern philosophy when it has absolutely to be admitted to excel the early modern philosophy. Different opinions of various schools make a clear distinction between the correct answer to Marxist philosophy and the three wrong interpretations.Western Marxism is different from the traditional theorists of the Second International,the Third International and the postmodernism,with its own novel interpretation of ontology and the unique theory of modernity. It produces a very appropriate understanding of Marxist philosophy,and it excavates the general principle of Marxism. Furthermore,western Marxism points out in its methodology that Marxism as a whole is the philosophical revolution itself. This is not only transcendence of the early modern philosophy whose metaphysics is marked by separation of subject and object,but also the transcendence of the late modern philosophy in the sense of the modernity of the western Marxism.