汉魏六朝东方朔形象的演变

The Development of the Image of Tung-Fang Shuo in the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties

东方朔形象的演变是新世纪以来关于东方朔研究的热点之一,汉魏六朝作品中,最能代表东方朔形象特色的分别是两汉时期的《东方朔别传》及魏晋六朝汉武帝求仙故事系列中的东方朔部分。前者刻画出的东方朔人物形象大致不出《汉书·东方朔传》中的谏诤、诙谐、逢占、射覆、隐语范畴,而神奇性、娱乐性过之,东方朔具有了超人的力量;后者中的东方朔已然成为根基稳固的仙界之精,成为武帝求仙问道的引路者,其精彩片段继续发挥史传中的滑稽放诞形象,成就了"东方朔偷桃""东方朔窥母"等经典传说,但整体而言,其间的东方朔形象已渐显扁平,具有较明显的符号化、类型化特征。

The development of the image of Tung-Fang Shuo in the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties has become one of the hot researches in the new century. Among the works of the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties,the most representative images of Tung-Fang Shuo are the ones in The Anecdotes of Tung-Fang Shuo in Han dynasty and the one in a series of stories of Emperor Wu of Han searching for gods in Six Dynasty periods. The former depicts the image just like the one in Han shu： the Biography of Tung-Fang Shuo. He is a humorous and critical person who is good at divination and has superhuman strength; in the latter,Tung-Fang Shuo becomes a godlike person who becomes the guider of Emperor Wu of Han. The humorous image in the highlight is just like the one in the historical records,and ＂Tung-Fang Shuo stealing peaches＂and ＂Tung-Fang Shuo peering his mother ＂and so on become classical legends. But on the whole,the image of Tung-Fang Shuo has been gradually flat,symbolic and typological.