精液生化指标的全自动检测及临床应用

Automatic detection and clinical application of semen biochemical markers

人精浆富含潜在的男性不育和男性生殖系统疾病的生物标志物,对男性不育的诊断和治疗有应用价值。精液生化指标检测在经历了手工法、半自动法后,目前已进入全自动检测的时代。精液生化指标的全自动检测有如下优势:试剂组成简单,每个测试所用试剂量少;参数设置简单;全程自动化程序操作,误差小;检测时间短,适于批量检测,可大大节省人力成本;定标和质控操作简便,可确保检测结果准确可靠;结果按样本顺序输出,适应临床诊疗需要;开放型试剂,适用于各种全自动生化分析仪。目前已可用于全自动检测法的精液生化指标包括精浆总α-葡糖苷酶和中性α-葡糖苷酶,精浆果糖、酸性磷酸酶、γ谷氨酰转肽酶、锌、柠檬酸、尿酸、超氧化物歧化酶、肉碱,精子顶体酶和乳酸脱氢酶C4,以及精液游离弹性蛋白酶。这些指标可用于评估附睾、精囊和前列腺的分泌功能,精子顶体和能量代谢功能,精浆的抗氧化功能以及男性生殖道有无感染或隐性感染等。

Human seminal plasma is rich in potential biological markers for male infertility and male reproductive system disea- ses, which have an application value in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. The methods for the detection of semen biochem- ical markers have been developed from the manual, semi-automatic to the present automatic means. The automatic detection of semen biochemical markers is known for its advantages of simple reagent composition and small amount of reagents for each test, simple setting of parameters, whole automatic procedure with few errors, short detection time contributive to batch detection and reduction of manpow- er cost, simple calibration and quality control procedure to ensure accurate and reliable results, output of results in the order of the samples in favor of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and open reagents applicable to various automatic biochemistry analyzers. At pres- ent, the automatic method is applied in the detection of such semen biochemical markers as seminal plasma total and neutral alpha-glu- cosidase, acid phosphatase, fructose, ＂,/-glutamyl transpeptidase, zinc, citric acid, uric acid, superoxide dismutase and carnitine, sperm acrosin and lactate dehydrogenase C4, and semen free elastase, which can be used to evaluate the secretory functions of the epi- didymis, seminal vesicle and prostate, sperm acrosome and energy metabolism function, seminal plasma antioxidative function, and in- fection or silent infection in the male genital tract.