卓越本科生科研训练体系构成要素及运行机制——基于美国高校实践的分析

Essential Characteristics and Operational Mechanisms in Excellent Undergraduate Research Programs: An Analysis of the Experiences of American Universities and Colleges

本科生科研训练是培养创新人才的重要举措。美国高校在20世纪60年代开始实施本科生科研训练,迄今已经形成了较为完善的训练体系,积累了丰富的经验。美国专业机构—本科生科研理事会根据会员高校多年来的实践经验,总结出了美国本科生科研训练体系的12个构成要素,即目标定位、组织管理、校园文化、研究项目、配套课程、暑期研究计划、成果管理、激励措施、评价机制、资金支持、研究平台和师资力量。本研究结合美国高校实施本科生科研训练的具体案例,对这12个要素及其运行机制展开分析。

Undergraduate research is an effective way to cultivating innovative talents in higher education. Today, American higher education institutions have developed a mature system of undergraduate research training programs. The （American） Council on Undergraduate Research identified 12 essential characteristics of excellence in undergraduate research programs based on the experiences of its member higher education institutions, namely, top-level design, administrative support, campus mission and culture, research projects, research-supportive curricula, summer research programs, dissemination channels, incentive measures, assessment activities, research infrastructure, student academic development opportunities and faculty training. Collecting data and examining the practices in case American higher education institutions along the guideline proposed by the Council of Undergraduate Research, this article illustrates and analyzes these essential characteristics and their operational mechanisms in undergraduate research programs.