日本“宽松教育”:历史脉络与理性审视

The Review and Rational Thinking of "Yutori Education"

20世纪70年代,日本的"填鸭式教育"带来了一系列校园问题和教育危机。80年代初,日本进行了"宽松教育"改革,倡导创造轻松宽裕的学习环境以培养学生的"生存力"。但PISA2003、PISA2006两次测试中日本学生成绩的下降使"宽松教育"成为众矢之的,对于学生学力下降的批判层出不穷。2008年,文部科学省的政策由"宽松教育"转向"去宽松教育"。"宽松教育"确实有其问题所在,但学生学力下降不应完全归咎于"宽松教育"。对"宽松教育"和学生学力下降的考量,要站在客观的角度,考虑不同群体的阶级立场与教育的系统性;也要考虑整个社会的时代背景与民族的文化性。

In the 1970s, the ＂spoon-feeding education＂ in Japan brought a series of educational crises. To solve these problems, the Japanese government carried out ＂Yutori education＂ reform from 1980s and advocated to create a relaxed and comfortable learning environment for students to develop their ＂viability＂. However, due to the declined results of PISA2003 and PISA2006, ＂Yntori education＂ has been criticized for the decline of students＇ scholastic ability. As a result, the government revised the curriculum guideline in 2008 to change ＂Yutori education＂ into ＂datsuYutori education＂. ＂Yutori education＂ does have some shortcomings, but the decline of students＇ scholastic ability should not be entirely attributed to ＂Yutori education＂. When we consider these issues, we should be objective and take into account of different educational needs of different social classes, keeping balance between internal and external education systems, and considering the context of the policy and the culture of the nation.