朝鲜使臣所见18世纪清代东北社会状况——以《燕行录》资料为中心

Social Conditions of the Northeast China Recorded by North Korean Envoys in the Qing Dynasty in the 18th Century

清代朝鲜使臣通过燕行,见证了18世纪清代东北社会的繁荣与发展景象。在朝鲜使臣眼中,清代东北地区的军政设置充分体现着首崇满洲的原则,在行政制度方面,具有二元分治的特点;朝鲜使臣通过对所经过的凤城、辽东和盛京地区经济状况的描述,反映出东北地区经济繁荣背后的商业习俗——即对关帝的崇拜与信奉;在文化方面东北地区依旧保持着传统的尚武精神,主张"国语骑射",文化教育相对落后;民俗特征显著,具体表现在东北特色的满族服饰、以肉食为主的饮食习俗和一字屋的居住风俗。

The North Korean envoys in the Qing Dynasty visited Peking and witnessed the prosperity and development of the northeast society in the Qing Dynasty in the 18 th century. In their eyes,the military and political setup in the northeastern region of Qing Dynasty fully embodies the principles of Manchuria first,and has the characteristics of dual divisions in terms of administrative system.Their description of the economic conditions in Fengcheng,Liaodong,and Shengjing reflects the business customs behind the economic prosperity of the Northeast region. In the cultural aspect,the Northeast still maintained the traditional martial spirit,which advocates the " peaking national language and riding and shooting". Relatively speaking,their cultural education lagged behind and folk features were quite obvious.