性别观念视域下老年人自我效能感研究——基于第三次妇女社会地位调查(老年专卷)数据的分析

Research on Self-efficacy of the Elderly under the View of Gender Role Attitudes: Based on Data of the Third Survey on Chinese Women's Social Status(the Elderly)

基于第三次妇女社会地位调查(老年专卷)数据,对男性老年人和女性老年人的性别观念与自我效能感的关系进行了全面分析。研究中的性别观念分为性别角色分工观念和性别能力平等观念两个方面。性别能力平等观念对于男性老年人和女性老年人的自我效能感均有显著的正向作用,而传统的性别角色分工观念对于男性老年人的自我效能感影响不显著,对于女性老年人的自我效能感则有显著的负面影响。研究还发现,性别观念对于老年人的自我效能感起着一定的调节作用和中介作用。性别角色分工观念越是传统的男性老年人,经济收入对其自我效能感水平的影响越弱;性别观念越是传统的女性老年人,受教育程度对其自我效能感水平的影响越弱。

Based on data of the Third Survey on Chinese Women＇s Social Status （the Elderly）, we did a systematic analysis of the relationship between gender role attitudes and self-efficacy of the elderly. In our research, gender role attitudes were measured from two dimensions： attitudes towards gender role division and attitudes towards gender equality. Attitudes towards gender equality demonstrate positive effects on both the male and female＇s feeling of self-efficacy, whereas attitudes towards gender role division only influence the female significantly and in a negative way. Moreover, gender role attitudes act as mediators and moderators for the elderly＇s feeling of self-efficacy. The more traditional an elderly man＇s attitude towards gender role division is, the weaker the influence of income on his feeling of self-efficacy is. It is the same case with education level＇s influence on self-efficacy of women with more traditional attitudes towards gender role.