晚商与西周时期墓道形制初识

An Initial Study of the Shape of Late Shang and Western Zhou period Tomb Entryways

商周时期墓道形制与墓葬等级的联系极为密切,墓道条数相同的墓葬,墓道形制是判断其等级的首要指标,"四大型"墓道是王墓的专有形制。墓道平面形制与墓葬的族属并非紧密关联,只是在非主流形制上商系与周系似有不同的倾向:使用拐道形墓道的大墓墓主多属商系族群,使用喇叭形或弧形墓道的大墓墓主多属周系族群。周系墓道内端底的位置与墓葬时代有关,商系墓道内端底的位置与时代无关,而与墓葬规模有关。

The shape of Shang and Zhou tomb entryways is closely related to the rank and status of the tomb. Tomb entryway shape is a primary index for judging the status of a burial. Four large entryways is a characteristic of royal tombs. The shape of a entryway is not closely related to group identity, but non-mainstream shapes reveal Shang and Zhou differences. Large tombs with entryways that turn sharply are Shang whereas those that use horn-shaped or arc shaped entryways belong to the Zhou people. Changes in the shape of Zhou tomb entryways is connected to the relative period of the tomb; the shape of Shang tomb entryways in unrelated to period but is rather a reflection of tomb rank and status.