楚高缶与楚公子高伐东夷——春秋晚期大铁盘的发现及其重要意义

The Chu Gao fou and Chu Prince Gao's Attack on the Eastern Yi: The Discovery and Significance of a late Spring and Autumn Iron Plate

楚高缶于1954年泰安县(今泰安市)东更道村出土,共6件,同时出土的还有一件特大铁盘。这7件器物分别埋在泰山主峰日观峰脚下、面对日观峰一字排开的7个长方形坑内,显然与祭泰山有关。6件缶中有两件刻有"右征尹楚高"铭文。楚高即沈诸梁,字子高,封于叶,又称叶公,因镇压楚太子建之子白公胜的叛乱,一举成名。东夷即包括杞夷、牟夷、莒夷"三夷"等山东境内夷人的统称。牟夷位于莱芜境内,莱芜以富产铁矿著称。楚伐东夷意在掠夺铁矿资源。与楚高缶同时出土的特大铁盘应是在莱芜当地铸造的,春秋晚期能够铸造如此大型铁盘,是中国冶铁史上的重大发现。

The Chu Gao fou were unearthed in Donggengdao village, Taian county（present day Taian city） in 1954. In total there were six fou and a large iron plate was unearthed at the same time.These seven vessels were buried at the foot of the Mout Tai＇s main peak, Riguan Peak, in seven rectangular pits facing the peak, an arrangement clearly related to sacrifices to Mount Tai. Among the six fou, two are inscribed with the characters： ＂Youzhengyin Chu Gao.＂ Chu Gao is Shen Zhuliang, style Zigao, who was enfeoffed at She. He is also known as the Lord of She. He became famous for successfully suppressing the rebellion instigated by the son of Chu＇s heir apparent Jian, Baigong. The Eastern Yi refer to Qi, Mou and Ju, the three Yi of Shandong. The Mou Yi were located within Laiwu,an area famous for iron ore production. The Chu attack on the Eastern Yi was for the sake of iron resources. The large iron plate excavated with the Chu Gao fou was likely forged in Laiwu. An iron plate of this size from the late Spring and Autumn period is an important discovery for the history of Chinese ironworks.