寒门如何出“贵子”——基于文化资本视角的阶层突破

How to Cultivate Successful People from Poor Families——On the Breakthrough of Class Restrictions from the Cultural Capital Perspective

寒门要想获得升迁性社会流动,最重要的突破口是让孩子接受教育,而文化资本是影响教育获得的最可能的能动因素。在我国,虽然优势阶层具有文化资本优势,存在文化再生产现象,但优势文化资本并无明显的阶层区隔性与排他性,寒门学子可通过重要他人或其他途径弥补家庭文化资本之不足。更关键的是,寒门情境还激发了具有寒门特征的文化资本,极大地促进了寒门学子的学业成功。要想寒门出"贵子",贫寒家庭既要积极弥补家庭文化资本的不足,又要努力激发贫寒家庭自身的文化资本,同时国家及社会也要提供多方面的支持。

A person from poor family must receive quality education in order to climb up the social class ladder. Indeed, education is one of the most important antecedents of social class movement, and whether an individual can receive quality education is in turn influenced by the amount of cultural capital they have. In China, the privileged class enjoys benefits from cultural reproduction, and they have an edge over the poor class in terms of cultural capital. Nevertheless, given that high quality cultural capital is not exclusively available to the privileged class, and individuals from the poor class can compensate their lack of cultural capital via other means. Furthermore, the contextual circumstances faced by individuals from the poor class can significantly improve their academic performance by stimulating their dis- tinctive cultural capital. Thus, in order to increase the probability of individuals from the poor class becoming successful, families from the poor class must actively secure alternative resources that compensate their lack of cultural capital while making the best use of the dis- tinctive cultural capital that they have, and agents from the society and public sector should also give them more supports.