从入学机会平等到发展机会平等——20世纪中后期美国高等教育政策目标变迁研究

From the Equality of Access to the Equal Opportunity for Development——On the Change of Policy Objectives of American Higher Education in the Middle and Late 20th Century

政策变迁首先表现为政策目标的转变,它既是政策问题的体现,也是政策方案制定的依据。20世纪中后期美国高等教育政策目标从入学机会平等转变为发展机会平等,所出台的一系列政策法规都围绕这一目标展开,体现了政策制定过程的内在逻辑。在更深的层次上,政策目标的这一转变是社会利益格局变迁的反映,体现了美国联邦政府从关注国家安全和社会利益到关注学生利益和需求的变化。

The policy change manifests in the change of policy objectives firstly,which a reflection of policy issues as well as a basis for policy formulation. In the middle and late 20th century, the goals of the U.S. federal government higher education policy changed fro the equality of opportunity for enrollment to the equal opportunity for development, a seri of policies and laws were issued around this goal, reflecting the inherent logic of the poli lS of m es cy US of federal government, changing from the national security and social interests to the students＇ interests and needs.