景区旅游者空间行为研究综述

Review on the Study of Intra-attraction Tourists' Spatial Behavior

研究景区内旅游者空间行为对于提升景区管理、旅游产品开发、景区规划和景区营销水平都具有非常重要的意义。近年来,越来越多的学者意识到该研究的重要价值,同时随着GPS等现代信息技术的广泛应用,使得景区内的微观旅游者空间行为研究成为旅游者空间行为研究的热点。文章从行为数据获取、描述、解释和预测模拟等4个方面梳理了近年来国内外学者对景区内旅游者空间行为研究的现状。结合精细化行为分析这一趋势,指出:(1)GPS与问卷结合是景区内旅游者空间行为研究有效的数据源;(2)旅游者空间运动是描述和认识旅游者空间行为的重要方式,而景区旅游者空间运动往往可以被抽象为一个离散的过程;(3)离散选择模型用以揭示景区内旅游环境与空间行为作用机理,其中影响因素和选择项确定是模型构建的核心;(4)基于多主体的行为仿真能够为景区管理者提供有效的决策支持,在政策评估和预判等方面具有重要价值。

In a broad sense, tourist spatial behavior includes motivation behavior, decision-making choice behavior, travel behavior and experience behavior, while it refers to the behavior of tourist movement in the narrow sense. The study on tourist spatial behavior within attraction plays a foundation in cultural heritage protection, tourism environmental capacity control, tourists perception and satisfaction, tourism community construction, and tourist towns protection. Besides, this important field of tourism studies has occasioned an extensive body of literature in the field of spatial planning and design. It is important to analyse the characteristics of tourist spatial behavior before spatial layout,future scenarios prediction and policy evaluation, which will promote the administration of tourist attractions, tourism product development, attractions planning and marketing of attractions. In recent years, with the extensive application of modern information technology such as GPS, the study on tourist spatial behavior within attraction becomes a hot topic. In this paper, we review the published studies on intra-attraction tourist spatial behavior from tourist spatial behavior data acquisition,description, explanation and simulation, from 1987 to 2016. Several conclusions are obtained：（1） For behavior data collection, more and more studies showed that the methods combining GPS technology and questionnaire are effective for gathering intra-attraction tourist spatial behavior information. This method can take advantage of GPS＇high spatial-temporal precision, and can absorb the merits of questionnaire in revealing non-spatial information（e.g., individual society, economy, sensory perception, etc.）, and then improve the accuracy of behavior analysis.（2） The tourist spatial movement pattern is considered as an important way to describe and understand the tourist spatial behavior. The tourist spatial movement at the macro level can be presented by a continuous process, while at the micro level can be denoted as a discrete stochastic process.（3） Using the discrete choice model to reveal the mechanisms between built environment and individual behavior is well recognized, while comparatively little attention has been given to the intra-attraction tourist spatial behavior. Therefore, it is quite promising to apply this model to reveal the effects of environment on tourists＇ spatial behavior.However, the factors affected the tourist behavior need to be further explored, which will affect the performance of the discrete model.（4） The agent-based simulation of tourist spatial behavior has made great development. It helps strengthen the policy arguments made by managers of the scenic area,which is useful for judging the policy and making forecast. However, several issues need to be promoted and improved, such as： how to construct more reasonable rules based on the tourist spatial behavior mining; incorporating GIS and GPS to capture environmental data and tourist behavior data have shown great promise but have not yet overcome some of the problems. After all, the method integrating GPS data collection, visualization and abstracting, discrete choice behavior modeling, multiagent simulation based on discrete choice model, will be the development trend in the future.