食线虫真菌基因组测序和分析研究进展

Research progress on genome sequencing and analysis of nematophagous fungi

食线虫真菌作为线虫的天敌,是一种潜在的线虫病害的生防制剂。食线虫真菌通过形成特殊的捕食器官或产生粘性孢子和毒素等方式捕捉和侵染线虫。近年来,随着测序技术的进步和生物信息学的应用,越来越多真菌基因组已经被测定和报道。目前,已经有7种食线虫真菌的基因组被报道,包括捕食线虫真菌寡孢节丛孢(Arthrobotrys oligospora)、线虫卵寄生真菌厚垣普可尼亚菌(Pochonia chlamydosporia)和内寄生真菌明尼苏达被毛孢(Hirsutella minnesotensis)等。本文对食线虫真菌的基因组特点、毒力相关基因家族的扩张、捕食器官形成调控和进化机制进行了系统地总结,对组学时代食线虫真菌研究面临的关键问题进行了评述。

Nematophagous fungi（NTF） serve as natural enemies of nematodes, which are potential biocontrol agents for plant-parasitic nematodes. NTF can attack and kill nematodes through producing specialized capturing devices, adhesive conidia or toxins. In recent years, with the advances in sequencing technology and the application of bioinformatics, more and more fungal genomes have been sequenced and reported. At present, genomes of seven NTF, including the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora, the egg and cyst-parasitic fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia and the endoparasitic fungus Hirsutella minnesotensis, etc., have been sequenced and reported. In this paper, the genomic characteristics, the expansion of virulence-related gene families, the regulation of trap formation and evolution of NTF were systematically summarized, and key problems of NTF in the omics era were reviewed.