某医院2010-2016年孕妇感染乙肝情况调查分析

Infections of Hepatitis B among Pregnant Women in 2010-2016 in a Hospital

目的探讨某医院2010-2016年孕妇感染乙肝情况。方法以本院2010-2016年收治的9366例孕妇作为调查对象,利用化学发光法对其进行乙肝五项定量检测,并对结果进行分析。结果 (1)9366例住院孕妇中,HBV感染者445例,阳性率为4.75%,同时合并HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)者141例,占1.51%。(2)HBsAg阳性率随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势,但是不同年龄组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.073,P=0.097)。(3)农村孕妇HBsAg阳性率(7.00%)明显高于城镇孕妇(2.08%),差异显著(χ~2=5.67,P=0.017);无乙肝疫苗接种史孕妇HBsAg阳性率(8.38%)明显高于有乙肝疫苗接种史孕妇(0.95%),差异显著(χ~2=6.515,P<0.001)。(4)感染乙肝的孕妇产后出血、胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压及死胎的发生率明显高于未感染乙肝的孕妇,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论本院2010-2016年孕妇HBV感染情况不容忽视,应对适龄妇女和易感人群接种乙肝疫苗,以降低死胎、妊娠期高血压、胎膜早破、产褥期感染和产后出血的发生率。

Objective To investigate the current incidence of hepatitis B infections in pregnant women in a hospital from2010 to 2016.Methods 9366 pregnant women admitted to our hospital between 2010 and 2016 were selected as subjects. Chemiluminescence was used to detect the five indexes of hepatitis B before the results were analyzed.Results（ 1） Among the 9366 hospitalized pregnant women,445 cases were infected with HBV,so the positive rate was 4.75%. There were 141 cases of infections with HBsAg（ ＋） and HBe Ag（ ＋）,accounting for 1.51%.（ 2） The positive rate of HBsAg increased with age,but there was no significant difference between different age groups（ χ~2= 1. 073,P = 0. 097）.（ 3） The positive rate of HBsAg in rural pregnant women（ 7.00%） was significantly higher than that in urban ones（ 2.08%）（ χ~2= 5.67,P = 0.017）. The positive rate of HBsAg in pregnant women who had received hepatitis B vaccination（ 8.38%） was significantly higher than that in pregnant women who had not（ 0.95%）（ χ~2= 6.515,P〈0.001）.（ 4） The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage,premature rupture of membranes,gestational hypertension and stillbirth in pregnant women infected with HBV were significantly higher than those in non-infected pregnant women（ P〈0.05）.Conclusion Our hospital should not ignore HBV infections in pregnant women between 2010 and 2016. Hepatitis B vaccine should be given to women of the same age and susceptible populations to reduce the incidence of stillbirth,gestational hypertension,premature rupture of membranes,puerperal infection and the postpartum hemorrhage rate.