锁频锁相的高功率微波器件技术研究

Review on high power microwave device with locked frequency and phase

综述了中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所锁频锁相的高功率微波器件最新研究成果,主要包括稳频稳相的相对论速调管放大器和注入锁相的相对论返波管振荡器.针对高功率长脉冲相对论速调管研究中遇到的问题,介绍了该放大器的束波互作用特点、杂频振荡抑制、脉冲缩短、高频段高功率运行、高增益等物理、设计与实验中的关键技术研究概况,使其功率、相位稳定性、增益等性能有了显著提高,S波段环形单注相对论速调管实现了高功率稳相输出,重频25 Hz运行时输出功率大于1 GW,脉宽大于150 ns、相位波动18°,高增益运行时在注入微波功率数kW条件下也实现类似功率和相位水平;采用同轴多注器件结构,突破了速调管高频段运行条件下高效率电子束引入和高功率束波转换技术等难题,使X波段相对论速调管在注入功率30 kW条件下实现了功率大于1 GW的放大输出,效率为34%,相位波动为15°.在掌握相对论返波管技术的基础上,利用返波管的高效率和结构紧凑的优点,开展了注入调制电子束锁相的相对论返波管研究,采用百kW级的种子微波实现了对GW量级输出微波的相位锁定.该研究结果对功率合成、粒子加速和多功能雷达等技术具有重要的推动作用.

There are many kinds of high power microwave devices. According to the phase and frequency characteristics of the output microwave, they can be divided into the phase and frequency locking high power microwave（HPM） devices and HPM oscillator. Among them, the frequency and phase of HPM devices with locked frequency and phase can be adjusted by the injecting microwave, which has achieved great progress of the HPM research. In this paper, the latest progress of HPM devices with locked frequency and phase which have been developed by the Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics in recent years are reviewed, covering relativistic klystron amplifier（RKA） and relativistic backward-wave oscillator（RBWO） with injection-locked. Aiming at the problems encountered in the research of high power and long pulse RKA, in this paper we briefly introduce the key technologies in design and experiment, including the beam-wave interaction merits, the suppression of multi-frequency oscillation, pulse shortening,high frequency and high power operation, high gain, etc. The performances of RKA, such as power, phase stability and gain, have been improved remarkably. High-power output with stable frequency and phase has been realized by single-annular beam RKA in S-band, whose output power reaches more than 1 GW with a pulse width of 165 ns and phase fluctuation of 18° at a repetitive pulse of 25 Hz/1 s. The high gain RKA also achieves a similar output power and phase stability under the condition of injected microwave power of several kW. In X-band RKA, a structure of coaxial multi-beam has been used to break through the limitations of high frequency and high power capacity, which generates more than 1 GW output power with an input power of 30 kW, the beam-wave conversion efficiency is 34% and the phase fluctuation is 15° with a pulse width of 140 ns. On the basis of an in-depth understanding of RBWO technology,and using the advantages of high efficiency and compact structure, the RBWO research of injection modulated electron beam is proposed and carried out. More than 1 GW output microwave with locked phase is realized by 100 kW seed microwave. These results not only extend scientific and technological research of a large family of HPM devices, but also make it possible for HPM devices to be used in power synthesis, particle acceleration, high-performance radar, etc.