基于瓶颈模型的异质出行者早高峰出行问题研究

Modeling the morning commute problem with heterogeneous travelers based on bottleneck model

早高峰出行中道路瓶颈是造成交通拥堵的主要原因之一．本文针对存在高速公路（含有高承载力车道）和普通道路的瓶颈路段，研究了时间价值不同的出行者早高峰出行行为．基于瓶颈模型的均衡条件，推导了不同收费标准下，出行者改变出行方式时个人早到惩罚的临界值．研究发现收费较低时，时间价值较低的出行者使用高承载力车辆的数量会增加．收费达到一定程度时，即使是时间价值较高的出行者也会选择高承载力车辆出行．数值算例也表明设置恰当的收费标准可以降低系统出行时间．

Road bottleneck in the morning commute is one of the main reasons of traffic congestion. This paper studies travel behavior of travelers with different value of time （VOT） in morning rush hours, when there exist bottlenecks on highway （including high occupancy vehicle lanes） and ordinary road. Based on the equilibrium condition of the bottleneck model, the critical vMue of the individual early schedule delay is deduced when the travelers choose the travel mode under different toll levels. In the situation of lower toll level, the number of travelers with low VOT will increase. When the toll reaches a certain level, even the high VOT travelers will change the travel mode with the high occupancy vehicle. Numerical examples are presented to verify the results, and indicate that setting the appropriate toll can reduce the system total travel time.