重离子治疗恶性黑色素瘤的研究进展

Research progress of heavy ion treatment for melanoma

恶性黑色素瘤是来源于黑色素细胞的一类恶性肿瘤，常见于皮肤，亦见于黏膜、眼脉络膜等部位。恶性黑色素瘤是皮肤癌中最具侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，转移早、死亡率高，且具有放射抗拒性，对常规射线不敏感。重离子束的应用为恶性黑色素瘤患者提供了一种更有效的治疗手段。重离子由于其特有的深度剂量分布，能使大部分吸收剂量沉积于肿瘤部位，从而有效地保护周围的健康组织，并且具有相对生物效应高、氧效应低等特点，是目前较好的放射治疗方法。现从重离子治疗恶性黑色素瘤的生物学效应以及临床应用的最新进展进行综述，为重离子应用于恶性黑色素瘤的临床治疗及推广提供参考。

Malignant Melanoma derived from melanocytes,characterized by early metastasis and high mortality,is the most aggressive malignancy among the skin cancers,and also found in mucous membranes,eyes and other parts of the choroid.It is traditionally considered to be radio-resistant to conventional radiotherapy.However,the emergence of heavy ion radiotherapy has drastically improved the treatment effect of the melanoma.Because of the inverted depth-dose distribution,the energy of heavy ions is precisely deposited in the tumor site,so as to protect the surrounding normal tissues.Heavy ions provide higher biological effectiveness and a lower oxygen effect compared with photons.So,it is an advanced radiotherapy method in the 21st century.In this review,we summarized the biological effects researches and clinical applications of heavy ions in the treatment of malignant melanoma,hopefully providing a reliable reference for future standardized heavy ion treatment of malignant melanoma.