基于“三生”视角的乡村功能分区及调控——以长株潭地区为例

Research on the functional zoning and regulation of rural areas based on the production-life-ecological function perspective:A case study of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area

随着城镇化的快速推进,中国社会经济发展进入转型期,乡村功能发展的多元化和空间分异特征日益明显。以长株潭地区23个县市区为研究地域单元,构建乡村功能评价指标体系及评价模型,揭示长株潭地区"生产—生活—生态"功能分异特征并进行功能分区与调控路径研究。结果表明:(1)长株潭地区乡村"三生"功能空间分异特征明显,耕地资源丰富的醴陵市、浏阳市等地区生产功能较强,基础设施较为完善的荷塘区、岳塘区等地区生活功能较强,生态环境较好的茶陵县等地区生态功能较强。(2)基于评价结果将研究区共划分为东部平原生产区、中部丘陵生活区、南部山地生态区、中部丘陵生态生活区和北部丘陵生态生产区5种类型功能区,其中东部平原生产区、中部丘陵生活区、南部山地生态区为长株潭地区的三生功能优势发展区,基于"优化主导优势功能、提升中等功能、改善弱势功能"的原则,提出各功能分区的调控路径与发展策略,从而为长株潭地区乡村功能转型发展与主导功能的识别及确定提供理论依据。

With the rapid economic growth in the 21st century, China＇s economy has been in a transitional period of rapid development and a mass-type economic development. With the rap- id urbanization and industrialization, the internal and external environments for the develop- ment of rural areas are experiencing significant changes. The rural areas have entered a new pe- riod of transformation and development, which has shown the characteristics of diversification and regionalization. There are great differences in their dominant superiority functions because of the differences in the basis of social and economic development, location conditions and re- source endowments in different regions. Under the background, the development of rural func- tions has become a new topic of rural geography research. Meanwhile it has also become a new theory and a new paradigm for guiding the determination of dominance in rural areas and the development of space regulation in the new era. With the rapid urbanization, China＇s social and economic development has entered a transitional period, and the diversity of function of rural regional development and spatial differentiation has increasingly become apparent. Taking the Chang-Zhu-Tan area＇s 23 counties as a geographical unit, we construct an index system and evaluation model of rural area function evaluation, and reveal the feature of ＂Production-Life- Ecology＂ in the study area. The results showed that： （1） The characteristics of spatial differenti- ation of ＂production-life-ecological＂ function in rural areas in the study area are obvious. The cities of Liling and Liuyang with rich cultivated land has a strong production function, Hetang and Yuetang districts with well-equipped infrastructure have powerful living function, and Chal- ing County with better eco-environment has a strong ecological function. （2） Based on the eval- uation results, the study area is divided into five types of functional areas, namely, the eastern plain production area, the central hilly living area, the southern mountainous ecological area, the central hilly ecological area and the northern hilly ecological area. Among them, the eastern plain production area, the central hilly living area and the southern mountainous ecological area are the tri-functional superiority development areas. Based on the principle of ＂optimizing the leading superiority function, enhancing the moderately-oriented function and improving the dis- advantaged function＂, we propose the path of regulation and the strategy of development of each function zone, thus providing a theoretical basis for the recognition and determination of the rural function transformation and development and the leading function in the Chang-Zhu- Tan area.