科技型创新区人本化构建的国际实践及启示

Humanity-oriented place making in S&T innovation districts:International best practices and the implications

创新和创新区已日益成为城市经济发展和城市竞争力的重要元素,在科技和人才日渐成为激发城市创新型经济,及促进城市活力的主导甚至决定性因素的当今时代,尤为如此。通过对欧洲、北美和亚洲三个不同类型的科技型创新区国际最佳实践的系统梳理,甄别出用以打造一个科技型创新区的共通性要素、标准和原则。国际最佳实践证明,科技型创新区的人本化构建正在成为一种主流趋势,即综合考虑人在各阶段、各层次等多样化需求的基础上,通过对文化要素的有效鉴别和这些要素之间的作用机理,使它们有机融合并系统嵌入到创新区的空间打造中。结论表明:要成功打造一个科技型创新区,必须考虑并重视七大要素,即创意人才、企业集群、能动设施、资金保障、运营管理、空间结构和文化氛围。基于此,提出对中国科技型创新区建设与发展的五大启示,即愿景导向下的持续培育、前瞻性定位、人本化空间布局、创新激发型活动安排和多利益群体参与。最后,还提出要从四个方面进行互动关联研究,以构建空间/地方人本化打造的完整理论体系。

Of the urban economy and city competitiveness, innovation districts have increasingly become the most important component, particularly in the current era when science and technology （S＆T） are emerging as the dominant and even decisive factors in driving the innovative economic development and urban vitality. Therefore, this paper tries to identify the common elements, benchmark and principles for the effective place making of S＆T innovation districts, through the systematic review of the three international innovation districts, i.e., 22@Barcelona in Europe, Boston Innovation District in North America and One North Innovation District in Asia. The three best practices above prove that the humanity- oriented place making has become a major trend in successful S＆T innovation district development, with the essence to meet various kinds of human needs to a maximized extent in terms of their life stages and hierarchy of needs, as well as by integrating the selected key elements to further give full play to their functional mechanism. The comparative study of the three best practices concludes that seven key elements, i.e., creative talent, enterprise cluster, enabling infrastructure, supportive financing, operational management, spatial structure and cultural ambience, should be identified and deemed as a whole system for making and promoting a well-performed S＆T innovation district. Aligned with the analysis, the paper puts forward some implications to high-quality development of China＇s S＆T innovation districts in the following five aspects： （1） vision-based sustained nurturing; （2） forward-looking positioning; （3） humanity-oriented spatial arrangement; （4） innovation-inspired activities programming; （5） multi-stakeholder participation. Lastly, the paper proposes that the systematic research should be conducted in the four aspects, i.e., how to identify the human needs in holistic way by their development stages; how to effectively integrate culture into place feeling and experience; how to construct a multi-dimensional habitat environment; how to brand the uniqueness and specificity of various types of innovation districts, in an aim to form an integrated theory on humanity-oriented place making.