教育的空间效应:均衡还是失配?——以西安市小学教育资源为例

Spatial effect of education: Match or mismatch of primary schools?——A case study of Xi'an

小学是基础教育的重要组成部分,其空间配置状态反映了社会公众享受教育的公平性和便捷性,同时体现了城市的宜居性和可持续发展水平。基于空间失配理论,运用健康距离模型衡量2009-2015年西安市九城区小学教育资源的失配程度及时空格局演化过程,并对于各区域优质学校的空间分布与集聚特征进行分析。结果表明:1)西安市小学教育资源失配度呈现出从中高度失配主导逐步转变至低度失配主导的时空演化特征,中心城区配置水平优于郊区;2)优质小学集聚性强,呈明显的东北-西南方向分布。研究旨在为促进教育公平、均衡配置城市教育资源、优化教育设施空间布局提供依据和思路。

Primary schools are the important part of basic education, and its spatial configuration not only reflects the fairness and convenience for public to receive education, but also reflects the city＇ s livability and sustainable development level. From the view of mismatch, we introduced the health distance model into the research of pri- mary schools, and studied the spatial - temporal pattern of the primary education resources in nine administrative areas of Xi＇an from 2009 to 2015. Then we further explored the spatial distribution and agglomeration characteris- tics of high quality of education resources with spatial analysis methods of Nearest Neighbor Index and Standard Deviational Ellipse. We discovered that the primary education resources mismatch showed a downward trend. In terms of spatial -temporal characteristics, the evolution process showed a gradual transition from the middle and high mismatch to the low level mismatch, and the allocation level of central city was superior to the suburbs. The results of NNI showed that the key primary schools had strong agglomeration, and their distributed spatially along the direction of northeast to southwest. The purpose of this research is to provide the basis and ideas for promo- ting education fairness, balancing urban education resources and optimizing the spatial distribution of educational facilities.