新时代职业教育专业结构优化策略——基于北京市“双需求”导向分析

On optimization of vocational education in the new era

扑面而来的新工业革命和首都"四个中心"功能定位转型发展,共同构成了北京市职业教育新时代发展的"双需求"背景。这要求北京市职业教育面向6大重点服务领域的职业群,重点打造8个专业集群,培养复合型、创新型的高素养技术技能人才。目前,北京市高职院校专业设置与产业结构大体相当,专业大类毕业生数量与产业结构具有较高的一致性。然而,在高职院校专业设置上,存在专业设置趋同现象明显、战略性新兴产业的专业设置有待加强、生活性服务业的专业设置不均衡等问题。优化北京市职业教育专业结构的策略包括:树立满足"双需求"的"新职教"理念、构建服务职业教育国际化发展的专业建设目标、建立服务区域支柱产业需要的专业设置动态机制、创建数据驱动决策的专业设置管理制度等。

The new industrial revolution and the transformation of the functions of four centers in the capital jointly constitute the double demands for the development of vocational education in Beijing in the new era.This requires vocational education in Beijing to focus on 6 key service areas,creating 8 major clusters for innovative and skilled technical talents.However,the curricula of vocational colleges are deficient.Therefore,this paper proposes strategies for optimizing the structure of vocational education in Beijing including changing the concept to meet the double demands,establishing goals for internationalization of vocational education and regional pillar industry.