“启发性挫败”教学模式的研究与启示

Heuristics and productive failure as a teaching model

"启发性挫败"比较重视学生学习过程中的失败体验,认为失败中蕴藏着有效学习,即外显的失败和内在的有效学习同时发生。"启发性挫败"教学模式的运行机制分为生成—探索和整合—巩固两大阶段。该模式有着坚实的心理学、教学理论基础,并吸取了主体间性交往理论的要义。师生双方的主动性是该模式实施的前提,问题的设计是实施的关键,推迟结构化指导是实施的原则,发扬教学民主是有效实施的保证。该模式所传达的关注学生先前知识、有意识地引入困难、提供适切的支架、创设自由的学习文化等理念也为我国教学模式的创新提供了积极有益的借鉴。

Heuristics does not guarantee success,and the productive failure in the process of learning may motivate intrinsic effective learning.Hence,the heuristic teaching mode can be divided into two stages,generation-exploration and integration – consolidation,which has a solid basis of psychology and teaching theory,besides intersubjectivity theory.The idea conveyed by this model also provides a positive and useful reference for the innovation of teaching model.