论对驱逐出境裁量的控制——基于比例原则的探讨

On the Control of the Deportation Discretion-Based on the Proportionality Principle

国际法承认国家拥有将外国人驱逐出境的权力。基于这种权力对外国人必然造成的不利后果,以及驱逐出境本身广阔的裁量空间,对驱逐出境裁量权行使的控制日益受到重视。行政法中的"帝王条款"比例原则,要求行政机关在决定将外国人驱逐出境时,必须衡量驱逐出境是否能够达到预期的目的,是否属于对外国人权利损害最小的手段,并且对外国人权利的损害是否小于所实现的社会公共利益,以充分体现外国人权利保护的理念。我国可以考虑从增加规定裁量要求、强化司法审查和制定裁量基准三个层面加强对驱逐出境裁量的控制。

International laws have admitted that every nation has the fight of deporting foreigners and the ex- ercise of this power may lead to the inevitable adverse consequences to foreigners. The wide space of deportation discretion itself has attracted more and more attention to the control of deportation. The Proportionality Principle, which is called the ＂ Empire Clause＂ in the administrative law, requires the executive department, when depor- ting foreigners, must weigh whether the deportation decision can reach the expected goal, whether it belongs to the minimal damage to the foreigners＇fights and whether the damage to the foreigners＇rights is less than the social pub- lic interests, so as to fully embody the protection of the rights of foreigners in China. The control of deportation dis- cretion can be strengthened from three aspects, namely, increasing discretion regulations, reinforcing the judicial review and developing discretion standard.