明代藏僧驻京的三大寺院考述——兼论教派色彩与法脉传承

An Investigation on Three Temples Having Appointed Tibetan Monks in Ming Dynasty——Also on Sectarians and Dharma Inheriting

明代北京大慈恩寺、大能仁寺和大隆善寺是藏僧最为集中的三大寺院,此三寺的藏僧与宫廷关系最为亲近和密切,在驻京藏僧中最引人瞩目。大慈恩寺主要为格鲁派僧人驻锡之处,宣德时封为"大慈法王"的释迦也失及其弟子门人是其中的代表;大能仁寺藏僧主要来源于具有萨迦派色彩的临洮宝塔寺,明代宝塔寺开山端竹领占之徒裔在该寺最为显贵;大隆善寺藏僧中最为显赫者系景泰中受封为"大智法王"的班丹札释及其徒裔,班丹札释来自于岷州大崇教寺,大致属于噶举派。

Da Ci＇en temple,Da Nengren temple and Da Longshan temple of Ming dynasty had most of Tibetan monks and they had close relationship with the court that was most impressive in appointed monks in Beijing. Da Ci＇en temple was for geluk monks, and the titled ＂ Daci Dharmagraja＂ in Xuande period was the representative,the monks of Da Nengren temple were mainly from Baota temple in Lingtao which was of Sakya, the followers of pioneers of Baota temple were most distinguished. Banda Zhashi, who was titled as＂ Dazhi Dharmagraja＂, and his followers were bright, he came from Dachongjiao temple of Mingzhou and it was from Kargyu.