2014—2016年厦门市湖里区手足口病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Huli District of Xiamen city during 2014-2016

目的分析厦门市湖里区手足口病流行病学特征,为手足口病的防控提供参考依据。方法收集《中国疾病报告信息管理系统》中厦门市湖里区的手足口病病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行综合分析。结果 2014—2016年,厦门市湖里区共报告手足口病4 659例,其中重症3例,死亡1例,3年平均发病率为153.00/10万。2014—2016年发病率分别为97.61/10万、137.83/10万和222.46/10万,不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=540.74,P<0.05)。五个街道均有发病,发病率前三位为湖里街道、殿前街道、禾山街道,分别为217.91/10万、166.52/10万和152.54/10万,不同地区间发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=85.68,P<0.05)。该病发病高峰集中在4—6月和9—11月,病例数分别占总病例数的40.85%和38.21%。人群主要集中在5岁以下儿童,尤其是1~3岁儿童,男童病例数高于女童,以散居及托幼儿童为主。对三年内201例手足口病病例标本进行肠道病毒核酸检测,共检出阳性病例175例,阳性检出率为87.06%,肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇A16型(Cox A16)和其他肠道病毒三者构成比分别为20.57%、21.14%、58.29%。结论厦门市湖里区手足口病疫情呈现逐年上升趋势,有明显的季节性,5岁以下儿童为主要发病人群,其他肠道病毒为本地区手足口病的主要病原,而肠道病毒71型为重症和死亡病例的主要病原,应采取综合性防治措施,切实预防和控制手足口病的暴发流行。

Objective The epidemiological characteristics of Hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） in Huli District of Xiamen City were analyzed to provide references for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods The data of cases of HFMD in Huli District of Xiamen City, collected from China Disease Reporting Information Management System, were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Result From 2014 to 2016, a total of 4 659 HFMD cases were reported in Huli district of Xiamen City, including 3 severe cases and 1 case of death. The average annual incidence was 153.00/10 million. The incidence rates in 2014 to 2016 were 97.61/10 million, 137.83/10 million and 222.46/10 million, respectively. The difference in incidence of different years was statistically significant（χ^2=540.74, P〈0.05）.HFMD occurred in five streets.The incidence of top three was Huli Street, DianQian Street, He Shan streets, respectively 217.91/10 million, 166.52/10 million and 152.54/10 million, the difference of incidence in different regions was statistically significant（χ^2=85.68, P〈0.05）. The peak of the disease was concentrated in 4 to 6 months and 9 to 11 months, and the number of cases accounted for 40.85% and 38.21% of the total cases respectively. The population is mainly concentrated in children under 5 years of age, especially 1 to 3 years old. The number of boys is higher than that of girls, with diaspora and kindergartens as the mainstay. A total of 175 positive cases of HFMD were detected in 201 cases of HFMD in three years, with a positive rate of 87.06%, EV71, Cox A16 and other enteric viruses accounted for 20.57%, 21.14% and 58.29%, respectively.Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFMD in Huli district of Xiamen is increasing year by year, with obvious seasonal characteristics.Children under 5 years of age were the main incidence population.Other enterovirus is the main pathogen of HFMD in the region, and enterovirus 71 is the main cause of severe and fatal cases. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent and control the outbreak of HFMD.