全膝关节置换术后应用抗凝药物预防深静脉血栓的临床研究进展

Advances of anticoagulant drug application in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty

全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty，TKA）是当今骨科关节组常见的手术，近年来由于人们对膝关节骨关节炎的重视，以及对生活质量要求的提高，行人工TKA的患者日益增多，随着手术技术的提高，手术治疗效果也越来越好，但是术后发生深静脉血栓（deep vein thrombosis，DVT）成为影响手术效果的重要危险因素。

Anticoagulant drugs can prevent deep vein thrombosis and related complications after total knee arthroplasty. Traditional anticoagulant drugs （ unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, warfarin, etc. ） take preventive effects. At present, some new oral anticoagulants （ rivaroxaban, apixababan ） have been widely used in clinical practice to provide patients with a safer, more convenient and effective option for the prevention of postoperative venous thrombosis. This review focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of traditional anticoagulants such as low molecular weight heparin, vitamin K antagonists, and novel oral anticoagulants rivaroxaban, apixaban. Clinical comparison of traditional anticoagulant drugs with novel oral anticoagulants is taken to provide a reference.