河北省2011-2015年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of Japanses encephalitis in Hebei Province,2011-2015

目的分析河北省2011-2015年流行性乙型脑炎(JE)的流行病学特征,为有效控制乙脑提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对乙脑监测管理系统信息、个案调查资料进行综合分析。结果河北省2011-2015年共报告乙脑病例272例,死亡3例,年均发病率0.075/10万,年均死亡率为0.001/10万,病死率为1.10%。其中2013年乙脑发病234例,发病率达到0.32/10万。病例散发且相对集中在河北省中南部地区的石家庄(44.49%)、衡水(19.85%)、邢台(11.76%);乙脑发病季节性明显,10月达到高峰(占68.01%);病例主要集中在15岁以上人群,占病例总数的73.90%;有免疫史的占11.74%,无免疫史和免疫史不详的分别占31.74%、56.52%。结论河北省2011-2015年乙脑发病率维持在较低水平。2013年出现乙脑发病高峰,乙脑发病年龄明显后移,需加强防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of Japanses encephalitis （JE） in Hebei Province during 2011-2015, and to provide a scientific basis for effectively controlling JE. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to comprehensively analyze the data collected from Japanses encephalitis surveillance and management system and JE case survey. Results A total of 272 JE cases and 3 deaths were reported in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2015. The annual average morbidity rate, annual average mortality rate and fatality rate were 0.075/100,000, 0.001/100,000 and 1.10% respectively. There were 234 JE cases occurred in 2013, with the morbidity rate being 0.32/100,000. The cases were scattered but relatively distributed in the middle and south areas of Hebei Province, including Shijiazhuang （44.49%）, Hengshui （19.85%） and Xingtai （11.76%）. The distribution of JE cases had obvious seasonal variation and it reacheded the peak in October （accounting for 68.01%）. Totally, 73.90% of the cases occurred in the crowd aged 15 years and above. The cases with history of vaccination, without history of vaccination and with unclear history of vaccination accounted for 11.74%, 31.74% and 56.52% respectively. Conclusions The overall morbidity rate of JE in Hebei Province during 2011-2015 remained at a low level. There was a morbidity peak of JE in 2013, and the proportion of JE onset of elder age group increased significantly. It is necessary to strengthen the related prevention and control measures.