专利效力之否定:法理、制度与问题

Patent Invalidation:Jurisprudence,System and Problem

由于专利权具有对世性,放任错误的专利权存在不仅仅影响专利利害关系人的合法利益,还会对社会公共利益产生负面影响,故需要否定已被错误授权的专利之效力以纠正专利授权错误和维护社会公共利益。目前,我国的专利效力否定制度主要由无效宣告和无效宣告诉讼两部分构成,其中存在着循环诉讼、专利复审委员会角色错位、效力否定程序冗长等问题。应当针对以上问题,借鉴美国、日本、德国等国的立法经验并结合我国国情,对专利效力否定制度进行立法完善并建立实施配套制度和措施。

As patent right is a right in rem, the indulgence of wrongly authorized patents not only hurts the legitimate interests of interested parties, but also has a negative impact on the public interest. Therefore,it is necessary to invalidate the wrongly authorized patents to correct the wrong patent authorization and protect the public interest. The current domestic patent invalidation system is mainly comprised of two parts, the announcement of patent invalidation and the following patent invalid litigation. And there are many problems such as circular litigation, the dislocation of Patent Reexamination Board, the lengthy procedure and so on. Taking these into consideration, the legislation of china＇s patent invalidation system should be perfected with the supporting system and measures at the basic of learning from the legislative experience of America, Japan and Germany and combined with China＇s national conditions.