合作博弈:乡村贫困治理中政府与社会组织的互动关系——基于社会互构论的阐释

Cooperative Game:Interaction between Government and Social Organization in Rural Poverty Governance——Based on Theory of Social Mutual Construction

基于社会互构论的理论视野,运用交叉对比分析的方法,探讨乡村贫困治理场域中政府与社会组织的互动关系。研究发现,乡村贫困治理的地方性实践中,基层政府与社会组织的互动关系并非整体性的静态固化格局,而是因不同的互动情境呈现出多元性的动态实践特征和持续演化过程,表现为一种制度化程度低、策略性行动强的"合作博弈"的实体关系。基层政府与社会组织在动态博弈过程中寻求贫困治理合作的可能性,贫困治理的目标一致程度和行动主体的利益契合程度是影响二者博弈最终走向的关键变量。借助于这种互动模式,社会组织在当前行政治理体系异常强大、社会主体性发育水平尚处低位的时代背景下,嵌入到乡村发展场域中,不仅发挥了贫困治理的实际功能,还获得了组织自身的发展空间。不过,由于转型期国家的主导地位,合作博弈的过程本质上还是以呼应政府部门偏好为核心特征,从而强化贫困治理中工具主义导向的事本逻辑,而更长远的社会价值的追求依然任重道远。

Based on the theory of social mutual construction and the method of cross-comparison analysis,this paper discusses the interaction between government and social organization in rural poverty governance.The result shows that in the local practice of rural poverty governance,the interaction between grassroots government and social organization is not a static pattern,but because of different interactive situations,it shows the dynamic and practical characteristics of pluralism.This interaction is presented as a low institutionalized,strong strategic"cooperative game"entity relationship.Grassroots government and social organization seek the cooperation of poverty governance in the dynamic game.The degree of consistency of goals and interests is a key variable that affects the outcome of the final game.Under the background of strong administrative system and low level of social subjectivity,social organizations are embedded into the rural development field by means of"cooperative game"mode,which not only played the practical function of poverty governance,but also gained the development space of the organization.However,due to the dominant position of the state,the process of cooperative game is essential to echo government preferences as the core characteristics,which may reinforce the logic of instrumentalism in poverty governance,and the pursuit of long-term social values still has a long way to go.