接点治理:论精准扶贫过程中的“村民评议”——对湘西B村的个案研究

Joint Governance:On Villagers' Comments in the Process of Precision Poverty Alleviation——A Case Study of B Village in the West of Hunan Province

作为深入乡土社会的"事件",精准扶贫触发了国家政权和乡土社会之间的分歧。在数字化治理技术与乡土生活模糊性之间、国家正式权力与农村内生秩序之间、"区分逻辑"与乡土社会"平均主义"之间,两者存在明显差异。面对分歧,农村基层在精准扶贫过程中采取"村民评议"制度形成"接点治理"格局。研究发现,村民评议形成的接点治理主要包括以下治理机制:以熟人社会构成治理的信息机制,以多元主体参与构成治理的权威机制,以协商讨论构成治理的合法化机制。这一制度创造了新型制度场域和治理接点,有利于实现国家政权与乡土社会之间的融合。推进对湘西B村"村民评议"的个案分析,发掘其中的治理机制,完善其中存在的不足,实现从接点分离到接点融合,推进基层社会的有效治理。

As an "event" that deeps into the local community,the precision poverty alleviation triggers the conflict between the state power and local society.There are obvious information asymmetries between the digitalized governance technology and the ambiguity of the rural society,divergences between formal state power and the rural endogenous orders,differences between the logic of distinguishment and the egalitarianism adhered by the ordinary farmers.In the face of these conflicts,the villages and farmers,in the process of the precision poverty alleviation,create the system of villagers’comments to construct the joint governance.The result shows that the joint governance of farmers’comments mainly include the following governance mechanisms:information mechanism benefited from acquaintance society,authority mechanism constructed by multiple participation and consensus mechanism constructed by consultative discussion.As a result,this system creates a new institutional arena,which is useful to combine the state power with local society.Based on the case study of B village in the west of Hunan province,this paper explores its governance mechanism and perfect its deficiencies,which can provide some enlightenments to precision poverty alleviation and landing of public policy at the grass-roots level so as to achieve changes from the joints-separation to the joints-fusion and the effective governance in the grass-root society.