《荀子》“虚壹而静”说续辨

The New Interpretation of “Xu Yi Er Jing” in Xun Zi

《荀子·解蔽》中"虚壹而静"的释读,是荀子道论、解蔽论等领域的研究中所无法避免的基础问题。前贤对此多有争论;争论的焦点在"壹"字的义释上。考虑到"虚壹而静"为"求道"的方法,《解蔽》以"壹则尽"将其法与"道"普遍与整全的属性相衔接,以及篇文各处相关的例证与陈述,"壹"释为"统壹"或更为允当。于是"虚壹而静"的涵义,则可释为不以既有知识妨碍新知的汲取;面对所收集的诸多知识,能理清其间关系,使之成一体系;以及在此收集、整理的过程中,保持思虑的清醒。立基于"虚壹而静"的涵义,即可进一步发现《荀子》道论、解蔽论等与认知相关的领域上诸多尚未受到足够关注的特征。

The meaning of＂Xu Yi Er Jing＂（虚壹而静）in the Xun Zi·Jie Bi（解蔽）,is an academic concern.In the existing research,the debates focus on the interpretation of＂Yi＂（壹）.The great majority of predecessors explain＂Yi＂as＂concentrate one＇s mind on one thing＂.This interpretation is hard to coordinate with some other content,such as that＂Yi Ze Jin＂（if we achieve Yi,we can know all things壹则尽）embodies universality and＂jian zhi wan wu＂（to know everything correctly 兼知万物）thoughts,as well as a variety of examples to prove that multitasking is headed for failure,and so on.If the＂Yi＂is interpreted as systematic（in German Systematisierung）,not only can overcome the difficulties left by the previous interpretations,but also can explain＂Xu Yi Er Jing＂on this basis as existing knowledge shall not interfere with the collection of new knowledge;the collected knowledge can be clarified and systematic,as well as in the process of the collection and sorting,people can keep sober thought.