婴幼儿呼吸道合胞病毒相关性急性下呼吸道感染的调查及其因素分析

Investigation of Respiratory Syncytial Viruses Associated Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Analysis of Factors

目的调查婴幼儿呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)相关性急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)情况及其因素,以便为临床诊治提供依据。方法选择该院2014年1月—2017年10月收治的确诊为急性下呼吸道感染的婴幼儿200例作为研究对象,纳入对象有完整临床资料,均采取间接免疫荧光法(IFA)呼吸道病原体谱抗体Ig M检测试剂盒测定RSV感染情况,根据阳性与阴性分组,比较两组婴幼儿相关因素,并采取多元回归分析RSV相关性急性下呼吸道感染的危险因素。结果200例急性下呼吸道感染婴幼儿中检出RSV阳性110例(55.00%)、RSV阴性90例(45.00%);RSV阳性组与RSV阴性组在年龄、性别、喂养方式、母孕期疾病上比较无明显差异(χ~2=1.504 2、0.083 0、2.930 4、0.785 2,P>0.05),但两组在出生时胎龄、出生时体重、家庭月收入、居住人数、吸烟环境、母亲特应性疾病史上比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.129 1、7.291 5、8.431 8、4.392 5、5.640 1、12.095 4,P<0.05);多因素回归分析显示先天性心脏病史、母亲特应性疾病史、家庭月收入<5 000元为危险因素。结论急性下呼吸道感染婴幼儿多数为呼吸道合胞病毒感染,在低体重儿、早产儿,以及先天性心脏病、母亲有特应性疾病史中更容易发生,临床需加强重视。

Objective To investigate the respiratory syncytial viruses associated acute lower respiratory tract infection in order to provide basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods 200 infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection in our hospital from January 2014 to October 2017 were selected and all objects had the complete data,and the RSV infection was measured by the IFA and Ig M test kit, and the patients were divided into two groups, and the related factors of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of respiratory syncytial viruses associated acute lower respiratory tract infection was analyzed by the multiple regression and analysis. Results Of 200 cases of infants,there were 110 positive RSV cases, accounting for 55.00%, and 90 cases of negative RSV patients, accounting for45.00%, and the differences in the age, gender, feeding method, disease during the pregnancy between the RSV positive group and the RSV negative group were not obvious（χ^2=1.504 2,0.083 0,2.930 4,0.785 2,P〉0.05）, and the differences in the fetal age, weight at birth, monthly earning of family, number of residents, smoking environment, and history of mother＇s atopic disease between the two groups were statistically significant（χ^2=5.129 1, 7.291 5, 8.431 8, 4.392 5,5.640 1, 12.095 4,P〈0.05）, and the multiple-factor regression and analysis showed that the history of congenital heart disease, history of mother＇s atopic disease and monthly earning of family 5000 yuan were the risk factors. Conclusion Most infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection are the respiratory syncytial viruses, more easily occur in lowbirth weight infants, premature babies, congenital heart disease and history of mother＇s atopic disease, and we need to pay attention in clinic.