济南市2013年-2016年水痘疑似病例IgM抗体检测结果分析

Analysis of IgM antibody test results of suspected varicella-zoster cases from 2013 to 2016 in Ji'nan

目的了解济南市水痘疑似病例中水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster virus,VZV)感染情况,为科学防控水痘疫情提供依据。方法收集2013年-2016年水痘疑似病例血清标本,采用酶免试验检测VZV-Ig M抗体。结果2013年-2016年共检测水痘病例血清标本878份,检出VZV-IgM抗体阳性443份,总阳性率为50.46%;发病呈明显的春冬季高峰,春季发病高峰集中在3月-5月,冬季发病高峰集中在当年的11月-12月至次年1月;7岁~9岁、10岁~12岁、16岁~20岁和21岁~30岁4个年龄组占阳性构成的67.71%。不同年份男、女发病抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.963,P>0.05)。城区、城郊结合部、农村地区水痘发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.938,P<0.01)。结论济南市水痘发病有明显的季节性,呈现春冬季2个发病高峰,应加大免疫预防宣传力度、正确认识疫苗接种时机,提高水痘疫苗接种覆盖率,将对水痘发病率起到有效的遏制。。

Objective To understand infection in the suspected cases of varicella-zoster（VZV）in Ji＇nan,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of varicelia.Methods The serum samples of the suspected VZV cases were selected from2013 to 2016,and their Ig M antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.Results A total of 878 serum specimens of suspected VZV cases were detected from 2013 to 2016,and 443 positive cases were detected,the total positive rate was 50.46%.There was an obvious peak in spring and winter,the spring peak was within March-May and the winter peak was within November-January.The age groups of 7-9 years old,10-12 years old,16-20 years old,and 21-30 years old accounted for 67.71% of the positive composition.There was no statistical significance on the positive rate differences of antibiotics between male and female in different years（χ^2= 0.963,P〉0.05）.There was statistical significance on the differences in the incidence of chickenpox in urban areas,suburban areas,and rural areas（χ^2= 14.938,P〈0.01）.Conclusion The incidence of chickenpox in Ji＇nan has obvious seasonality,showing peaks in spring and winter.It is necessary to increase the immunization prevention,correctly understand the vaccination time,and increase the coverage of varicella vaccination,which will effectively curb the incidence of chickenpox.