杭州市铁强化酱油对育龄妇女营养指导的效果分析

Effect analysis of nutrition guidance to fertile women in Hangzhou by using iron fortified soy sauce

目的探讨城乡育龄妇女应用铁强化酱油控制铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血的效果。方法 2011年选取本市5个区县(2个城区和3个农村),采取分层抽样方法对1 338名育龄妇女(20岁~60岁)进行铁强化酱油知晓率调查,抽取其中2个区县(城区和农村各1)个812名育龄妇女进行血红蛋白测定和贫血状况的评价。经铁强化酱油营养干预后,进行干预前后知晓率和贫血状况分析。结果干预后育龄妇女血红蛋白平均水平为(133.0±14.6)mm Hg,高于干预前的水平(124.6±9.7)mm Hg,且各年龄段均高于干预前;干预后育龄妇女贫血率为12.4%,低于干预前的23.6%,且各年龄段贫血率均低于干预前。干预后育龄妇女和城区育龄妇女知晓率分别为55.4%和78.5%,高于干预前的32.4%和23.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但农村育龄妇女干预前后知晓率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经对育龄妇女营养干预,能有效改善缺铁性贫血,且铁强化酱油知晓率有显著提高,促进自愿食用铁强化酱油,但农村育龄妇女的宣传力度有待进一步加强。

Objective To investigate the effect of controlling iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia for the fertile women from urban and rural areas by using iron fortified soy sauce.Methods Using stratified sampling method,the investigation for the awareness of the usage of iron fortified soy sauce was carried out in 2011 in 1 338 fertile women（age from 20 to 60）from 2 urban and 3 rural residential districts.Meanwhile,the determination of hemoglobin and the evaluation of anemia status were made for 812 fertile women from 1 urban and 1 rural residential district.The awareness and the anemia status were analyzed before and after the nutrition intervention by using iron fortified soy sauce.Results After the intervention,the average level of hemoglobin for the fertile women at different age groups was（133.0 ± 14.6）mm Hg,which was higher than that before intervention[（124.6 ± 9.7）mm Hg],so was that in all the groups.The rate of anemia for them was 12.4%,lower than the value before intervention（23.6%）,so was that in all the groups.The awareness for the usage of iron fortified soy sauce came up to 55.4% and 78.5% separately from rural and urban fertile women,which was much higher than that of 32.4% and23.0% before intervention,and the differences showed statistical significance（P 0.05）,while the awareness difference of using iron fortified soy sauce by the rural fertile women shows no statistical significance before and after the intervention（P 0.05）.Conclusion By the nutrition intervention for the fertile women,iron deficiency anemia was improved effectively,and the willingness to use the iron fortified soy sauce was promoted when their awareness increased greatly.However,the nutrition guidance of the fortified soy sauce should be strengthened for the fertile women in rural area.