东部三大经济区城市流动人口的多维度社会融入及其地区差异

Migrants' multidimensional integration in cities and regional differences in the three major economic regions of China's eastern coastal area

以流动人口集中的京津冀、长三角和珠三角三大经济区35个城市2012年流动人口动态监测数据为基础,采用均方差权值法,综合经济、社会、心理、制度和公共服务5个维度构建衡量流动人口社会融入的指标体系,在此基础上计算和比较了三大经济区及其35个城市流动人口各维度社会融入指标和社会融入综合水平得分及其地区差异。研究结论显示,社会融入综合水平得分由高到低依次是京津冀、长三角、珠三角。同一地区流动人口的融入状况在各个维度不均衡,京津冀地区流动人口社会维度的融入程度最高,制度维度融入程度最低;长三角地区流动人口的心理维度融入居前列,但社会维度融入位列最后;珠三角地区流动人口的社会维度融入程度最高,公共服务维度融入不足。此外,就整体而言,三大地区流动人口的工作强度大、交往对象固化于流动人口、在流入地长期居住意愿多数仍处于举棋不定的状态;三大地区都存在落实居住证/暂住证制度和流动人口享有城镇医保等方面较为薄弱等诸多问题并共同制约着流动人口真正融入流入城市。为此,需要在政策制定中予以关注。

Based on the data for 35 cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Yangtze River Delta region,and the Pearl River Delta region from China＇s migrant dynamic monitoring survey in 2012,this study developed a series of indices to measure the degree of migrant integration in cites in the following five dimensions：economic integration,social integration,mental integration,institutional integration,and public service integration.It then calculated scores of these indices and a comprehensive score of migrant integration for the three major economic regions and 35 cities,and compared the results among these economic regions and cities.The results suggest that the comprehensive score of migrant integration is the highest in the Beijing-TianjinHebei region,followed by the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region.The degrees of migrant integration are uneven across the five dimensions in the same region：while the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Yangtze River Delta region,and the Pearl River Delta region have the highest score of migrant social integration,mental integration,and social integration respectively,scores of institutional integration,social integration,and public service integration ranked on the bottom in the three regions.On the whole,the work intensity of migrants in the three regions is high,their social contacts are limited within fellow migrants,and most of them are still uncertain about their long-term settlement intention in their destination cities.In all three regions many problems exist in implementing the institutional arrangements based on the residence card or temporary residence card for migrants,and in promoting migrants＇ access to urban medical insurance.These problems prevent migrants from being fully integrated into the destination cities,and need to be overcome in relevant policy making.