转基因产品成分检测技术研究进展

Research Progress on the Testing Technologies for Composition in Genetically Modified Products

近年来随着转基因作物的大规模商业化种植以及转基因研发技术的不断发展,抗病、抗虫、耐除草剂、抗逆境和高产优质等转基因产品越来越多,应用也越来越广泛。转基因产品给人们带来便利和经济利益的同时,也带来了安全性问题的争议。为加强对转基因产品的管理,发展转基因产品成分检测技术尤为重要。目前,转基因产品的检测技术主要分为两类:一是基于外源核酸的检测技术,主要包括定性PCR技术、定量PCR技术、等温扩增技术和基因芯片技术等;二是基于外源蛋白的检测技术,主要包括酶联免疫吸附技术、Western blot检测技术和试纸条技术等。每种检测技术都有其优缺点和适用范围,在实际检测过程中,应根据检测的需要并结合转基因产品的类型和特点,选择最有效的检测技术或组合来满足检测的目的。就两类方法中主要检测技术的原理、优缺点和研究进展进行了简要概述,并就转基因检测技术的发展方向进行了总结和展望,旨在促进我国转基因检测技术更好地适应当前转基因领域的发展。

With the large-scale commercialized planting of GM（Genetically Modified）crops and the constant development of GMtechnologies in recent years,GM products with disease resistance,insect resistance,herbicide tolerance,stress resistant,high yieldand fine quality have growingly increased and also widely been applied. GM products brought convenience and economic benefits to peoplewhile also brought security issues. To strengthen the management of GM products,the development of testing technologies for GMOs wereespecially critical. At present,the testing technologies for GMOs and their derived products are mainly classified into two categories ：one isbased on exogenous nucleic acid,mainly including conventional PCR,quantitative PCR,isothermal amplification technology,gene chiptechnology and so on;the other is based on exogenous protein,mainly including ELISA,Western blot,test strip technology and so on.Each testing technology has its advantages and disadvantages and the scope of application,in real testing process we should select the mosteffective technology or combination of them for meeting the purpose of testing,while based on the requirements of testing as well as the typesand characteristics of GM products. In this paper,we briefly reviewed the principles,advantages and disadvantages and research progress ofeach testing technology,meanwhile summarized and prospected the development direction of the testing technologies for GMOs,aiming atpromoting testing technologies for GMOs in China to better adapt to the current development of transgenic area.