试论建构主义的结构观

The Structural View of Constructivism

建构主义是西方国际关系学界新兴的理论流派。它强调国际体系的观念结构 ,认为文化建构权力。国际体系的观念结构和能动者之间存在着复杂的互动关系 ,观念结构建构能动者的身份 ,能动者的互动导致观念结构的形成。观念结构不是一成不变的 ,能动者的互动可以改变国际体系的观念结构。无政府状态正是这样一种观念结构 ,它可以与三种不同的文化相兼容 :霍布斯文化、洛克文化和康德文化。尽管建构主义存在一些缺陷 ,但是它增进了人们对国家关系的认识和了解 ,扩展了国际关系的视野 ,应当引起中国国际关系学界的高度重视。

Constructivism is the latest development of the international relations theory in the West.It attaches great importance to ideational structure of the international system.It argues that the ideational structure constitutes the distribution of capabilities.Complex interaction exists between the ideational structrue and agents.The ideational structrue constitutes identities of agents while interactions between agents lead to formation of the ideational structure.The ideational structure is not unalterable.Different interactions between agents lead to different ideational structures.Anarchy is an ideational structure which is compatible with three distinct cutures:Hobbesian Culture,Lockeian Culture and Kantian Culture.Although constructivism has some shortcomings,it promotes the understanding and broadens the range of international relations.Therefore,constructivism deserves close attention of Chinese academics in this field.