基于计划行为理论的涉苯作业人员防护用品利用行为影响因素研究

The study on behaviour of protective equipment utilization of workers exposed to benzene and factors based on Planned Behavior Theory

目的运用计划行为理论构建涉苯作业人员防护用品利用行为模型，对防护用品利用行为意向和行为进行解释和预测，为开展后期干预提供理论依据。方法于2013年8月，对杭州市拱墅区接触苯作业在3个月及以上的707名作业人员开展防护用品利用行为的问卷调查。问卷内容包括基本情况、防护用品使用行为及基于计划行为理论的影响因素，利用结构方程模型获得各变量之间的关系以及影响程度的大小。结果707名被调查者中完全无防护用品利用行为的作业人员占16.69%；防护用品利用行为处于＂一般＂状态的占13.58%；完全执行（面具和手套均处于佩戴状态）的占38.47%。在态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制与行为意向各维度上，不同程度防护用品利用行为人员的得分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结构方程模型结果显示，对行为意向的直接影响有知觉行为控制、主观规范、正向态度、负向态度，其路径系数分别为0.600、0.215、0.141和0.046。结论计划行为理论能有效地解释防护用品利用的行为意向和行为，可将涉苯作业人员的自身主观能动性与企业职业卫生监管考核相结合，以切实加强涉苯作业人员的个人防护用品利用。

Objective To investigate and predict the behavioral intention and mode of the protective equipment utilization selection of the workers who used Benzene,the Theory of Planned Behavior（TPB）was applied to establish the behavioral model to enhance the theoretical foundation for long-term intervention.Methods Questionnaires were used to survey the 707 workers,and all the behaviors of using protective equipment were investigated.Evaluate the relationships between each variable and obtain the influence affects by structural equation model.Results The investigation showed that 38.47% of the total workers（272 cases）used whole body protection,13.58% used partially ,and 16.69% didn＇t use any body protection.There were significant difference between the varying degrees in the four dimensions（behavioral attitude,perceived behavior control,subjective norm,and behavioral intention）（P〈0.01）.The results of structural equation model revealed that perceived behavior control was the most important influencing factor,subjective norm,positive attitude,negative attitude were the other three respects in sequence.The path co-efficient were 0.600,0.215,0.141 and 0.046 respectively.Conclusion The study show that the theory of planned behavior can effectively explain the behavioral intention and behavior of protective equipment utilization.Therefore,combining the subjective initiative of individuals with the supervision of enterprises,In order to effectively enhance the protective equipment utilization of benzene workers.